CHAPTER 2 - THE INTERNET, THE WEB & ELECTRIC COMMERCE

The Internet & The Web

History: internet is made by expertise that been provided by the US government to their Army force especially in conducting machine and for investigation also to find information that related to the War.But today’s, war is not about using a weapon, but the power of people war in getting information.

• Large network that connects smaller networks globally

• The Internet was Launched in 1969

◦ National computer network

◦ US funded project called ARPANET

• World Wide Web or WWW was introduced in 1991 at CERN

Common Internet Uses                                        

• Communicating

◦ Exchange e-mail

◦ Discussion Groups

• Online shopping

• Searching

◦ Virtual Libraries

• Entertainment

• Education or e-learning</span>

Access

Common way to access the Internet is through a Commercial Internet

Service Providers (ISP)

◦ Regional Service Provider

◦ Wireless service providers

In New Zealand, there is already going forward making old pattern of library to the new digital era of library. For example Music library that provides service to its users such as with just saying the name of the song, the system inside library will help the users to get the result of the music that they searching for. There are expected in the future that internet is not only about text, but in later on it will be possibility in the words. Just saying out what we want for, the systems will work for us, something interest that will be given to users.

Browsers

• Important needs. Main work is to translate computer language to normal language that people can understand. For additional information, Netscape is the most popular browser before, but a few month later after the arrival of new browsers like Yahoo and Google who giving the better service. And nowadays Google Chrome is the best search engine who offers more unique service.

• Programs that provide access to Web resources                             

• Allow you to surf the Internet

• Three well-known browsers

◦ Mozilla Firefox

◦ Apple Safari

◦ Microsoft Internet Explorer

◦ Google Chrome

• Address or location of the resource must be specified

◦ URL

• Browsers interpret HTML commands

◦ Hypertext Markup Language

◦ Contained in a document

• Display document as a Web page

URLs

• Uniform Resource Locators (URL).All URLs have at least two parts

1. Protocol

-its depend on what we choose to use for. Example http://, ftp://(specialist for downloading and sharing file but it is risky and dangerous because of the viruses.

-Example of Network Line, (.my , .com , .nu , .sg , .cdu)

2. Domain name

• Locates Web sites

Communication

E-mail, Instant messaging, Social Networking, Blogs microblogs & wikis

• Most popular Internet activity
• Types of communication

Electronic Mail (E-Mail)

Instant Messaging

Social Networking

1.     Email

• This is evolution of using email. In the past mostly people using hotmail to communicate. Then Yahoo came out with more additional space. And also Google offering bigger space and maximum attachment.
• Basic parts:

1.      Header                                                                           

2.      Address

3.      Subject

4.      Attachment

5.      Message

6.      Signature Line

2.     Spam

• Sending email to user based on domain list name. For expertise, they don’t like in using this because it is important to user alert especially about financial items, it could lead to the leaking of personal information.
• Junk and/or unwanted Email
•  Computer viruses or destructive programs are often attached to unsolicited email

– CAN-SPAM Act

• Spam blockers incorporate a myriad of approached to identify and control spam
• Spam blockers are also referred to as:

– Junk mail filters

– Anti-spam programs

3.     Instant Messaging

• This is chatting online. We are only talk with the person based on the email that we have on the list. It also involve for video conference. Before it known as ICQ (I seek you). But now customer are focusing on the service that provided by Yahoo, especially Yahoo Messenger (YM).
• In European country, Skype are the popular application for instant messaging because it also providing calling and video conference for free, but not popular in Malaysia. The important use of this have been taking advantage from University in Europe, they communicate using this Skype without any telephone in communicate within members inside.

• Is an extension of email that provides direct, live communication between two or more people.
• Instant messaging programs also include:

– Video conferencing features

– File sharing

– Remote assistance

·         Most widely used instant messaging services:

– AOL’s Instant Messenger

– Microsoft’s MSN Messenger

– Yahoo Messenger

4.     Social Networking

·         One of the fastest growing uses of the Internet and replacing using email.

·         Three basic categories:

– Reuniting sites

– Friend of a friend sites

– Common interest sites

5.     Blogs, Microblogs, and Wikis

• Web logs or blogs –postings that are timestamped and arranged with the newest item first
• Microblog – publishes short sentences

-Answer the question – What are you doing?

-Twitter is a microblog- all about users same to function of blog.

·         Wiki – a Web site specially designed to allow visitors to fill in missing information. This is Web 2.0 where people able to share knowledge of something they want to.

Search Tools

Search engines, Metasearch engines, Specialized search engines.

1.     Search Engines

·         This is the main component in the internet that getting better and better in the future. This also because the important of search engine that allowed people to putting everything inside that. They are example to show the power of search engine is the saying, “people cant find you in the world,but google can do that”. For the search engine, the most important function is to bring result on what users are looking for.

·         Example Google Chrome keeping memory on users search and this will bring better result to their customers. Searching mostly are based on “keyword”, that’s why it is very important in providing outcome of customers need. It also involve millions on result because of that computer science people are looking forward to improve search engine result in providing better for all users.

·         Specialized programs to assist in locating information

·         Types of searches

a.      Keyword search

b.      Directory search

2.     Metasearch Engines

• Programs that automatically submit your search request to several engines simultaneously.
• The engine receives the results, eliminates duplicates, orders hits, and then provides the edited list to you
• Disadvantage: quite heavy in memory and bring result with slower speed.
• The variety of result may be not accurate.

3.     Specialized Search Engines

• Programs that focus on subject specific Web sites
• Specialized sites can potentially save you time by narrowing your search

Electronic Commerce

B2C, C2C, Security

• Also known as e-commerce service that offer by Web 2.0.
• Buying and selling of goods over the Internet
1. Business-to-consumer (B2C)
2. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
3. Web auctions
4. Business-to-business (B2B)

1.     Business to Business

• Involves the sale of a product or service from one business to another (B2B)
• Primarily a manufacturer supplier relationship

2.     Business to Consumer

• Main function is to eliminate the middle chanels. In Malaysia, Ebay and Amazon.com are not quite popular compare to people in Europe.

• Fastest growing type of e-commerce
• Three most widely used B2C applications:

Online banking

Financial trading

Shopping

3.     Consumer to Consumer

4.     Web Auctions

• “Facebook” and blog is the popular tools in Malaysia for this function.

• Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce (C2C)
• Similar to traditional auctions
• Types:

-Auction house sites

-Person-to-person auction sites

5.     Security

• Payment methods must be fast, reliable, and secure
• Three basic options

-Checks

-Credit card

-Digital cash

Technology & Information Systems

Alhamdulillah ... ...
On January 10, 2010 is the first week of classes of subject Technology & Information Systems. Edition of the introduction of this subject has been given by our lecturer Ms Sharin Hazlin Huspi. Our class was the first title: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, THE INTERNET & You.

.

Under this topic we will set about:

1. Understand five parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data.

2. Distinguish between system software and application software.

3. Discuss the three kinds of system software programs.

4. Distinguish between basic and specialized application software.

4. Identify the four types of computers and the four type of microcomputers

Outcome from the study of this chapter are:

1. the different types of computer hardware including the system unit, input/output, secondary storage, and communication devices.

2.Define data and describe document, worksheet, database, and presentation files.

3. Explain computer connectivity, the Wireless revolution, the Internet, and the Web.

Introduction

 Technological changes that occurred mainly in the field of IT has changed the activities in the world. Every country racing to ensure that citizens are not left behind in development of IT.

Now a days , it has become a necessity to every people in the world in their daily activities. It has become a trend needs in:Dictionary - View detailed dictionary

1. noun
1. result
2. revenue
3. yield
4. proceeds
5. outcome
6. product
7. produce
8. output
9. production
10. fruit
11. crop
12. performance
13. effect
14. payoff
15. outgrowth
16. upshot
17. progress
18. issue
19. picking
20. fruitage
21. takings
22. triumph
23. outturn
24. ramifications

Ø  Computer competency refers to acquiring computer-related skills

Ø  Microcomputers are common tools in all areas of life

Ø  Web courses are popular for people who are homebound or work odd hours

Ø  New ways to communicate, to find people with similar interests, and to buy goods are available

Listen

Read phonetically             Technological changes that occurred mainly in the field of IT has changed the activities in the world. Every country racing to ensure that citizens are not left behind in development of IT.Listen

Read phonetically

Nowdays, it has become a necessity to every people in the world in their daily activities. It has become a trend needs in:

• Computer competency refers to acquiring computer-related skills
•  Microcomputers are common tools in all areas of life
•  Web courses are popular for people who are homebound or work odd hours
•   New ways to communicate, to find people with similar interests, and to buy goods are available

1.        People

Represents the most important part in all systems, especially IT. Contac be in direct (eg e-learning.utm.my) or indirect (google.com). And they are uses this system for all activities such as:

a. Business & Entertainment

b. Education & Medicine

2.        Procedures

Represents a rule or a step that must be observed and followed. It is very necessary because it likened as there is no software, no hardware. What is wanted here is to what extent the importance of making a hardware to software, to the extent that the importance procedures the IT system.

3.        Software

Software is another name for programs. There are 2 major kinds of software:

◦ System Software

 is computer software designed to operate the computer hardware and to provide maintain a platform for running application software. The operating system (prominent examples being Microsoft Windows(most commonly use in Malaysia),Mac OSX an Linux), which allows the parts of a computer to work together by performing tasks like transferring data between memory and disk or rendering output onto a display device. It also provides a platform to run high-level system software and application sofware. As  Listenan example of system software that Apple uses the concept of “drop and drop” is a system that offers a difference to consumers, and it is not suitable for the beginners in using this software.Dictionary - View detailed dictionary

◦ Application Software

Ø    Also called end-user software, which mean is computer software designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple related specific tasks. It helps to solve problems in the real world. Examples include enterprise software,accounting software,office suites, graphics software, and media players. It has been divided into 2 major categories:

1. Basic application

Ø    These applications generally include software for word processing, spreadsheets, presentation software, graphics software, and software to create Websites and HTML documents, such as Frontpage and Dreamweaver.

2. Specialized application

Ø     Specialized software is software that is written for a specific task rather for a broad application area. These programs provide facilities specifically for the purpose for which they were designed.

4.       Hardware

Hardware, in the computer world, refers to the physical components that make up a computer system. There are many different kinds of hardware that can be installed inside, and connected to the outside, of a computer. Common hardware inside a computer is motherboard and CPU.

There are also many types of computers:

·         Supercomputers

-use as server. Operating system is using the old pattern and difficult type of English.

·         Mainframe computers

-same function with Supercomputers

·         Minicomputers (also

-known as mid-range computers)

·         Microcomputers

-most commonly use bt user.

Microcomputer Types

•           Desktop
•           Media center system units
•           Notebook or laptop
•           Netbooks
•           Tablet PC
•           Handheld

A.      Desktop Computers

• Desktop computers are small enough to fit on top of or alongside a desk yet are too big

to carry around.

B.      Media Center System Units

•  Media center system units blur the line between desktop computers and dedicated entertainment devices. This is sound system to use in all types of audio like DVD,VCD and etc.

C.      Notebook or Laptop Computers

• Notebook computers, also known as laptop computers, are portable,lightweight, and fit into most briefcases

D.     Tablet PC

·         A tablet PC is a type of notebook computer that accepts your handwriting. This input is

digitized and converted to standard text that can be further processed by programs

such as a word processor. Full functioning like PC.

E.      Handheld

• Are the smallest and are also known as palm computers. These systems typically combine pen input, writing recognition, personal organizational tools, and communications capabilities.
• Personal digital assistants (PDA’s) are the most widely used handheld computer

F.       Netbook

Like Laptops, but not suitable for student use as a netbook system is not enough or capable of handling heavy items, except for simple type of use because netbook is:

Ø  Smaller

Ø  Lighter

Ø  Less expensive

Microcomputer Hardware

Four basic categories of equipment:

•     System Unit
•   ◦Input/output
•     Secondary Storage
•    Communication

1. System Unit

Two important components:

          ü  ◦ Microprocessor

          ü  ◦ Memory

2. Input/Output Devices

• Common input devices are the keyboard and the mouse.
• Common output devices are printers and monitors.

3. Secondary Storage

v Unlike memory, secondary storage holds data and programs even if electrical power is not available.

v The most important types of secondary media are hard disks, solid-state storage, and optical disks.

4. Communication

v  Communication Devices provide microcomputers with the ability to communicate with other computer systems across the globe.

o    The modem is the most widely used communication device e.g streamyx

o    Modems modify telephone communications intoa form that can be processed by a computer

o    Modems also modify computer output into a form that can be transmitted across standard telephone lines

5. Data

-must be process before it become an information, e.g SPSS software for research.

v  -Raw, unprocessed facts

v  -Processed data becomes information

v  -Stored electronically in files

o     Document files -e.g Word.

o     Worksheet files

•  SPSS, Excel (because all calsulation that involve is already inside the application and user only have to choose which they want to)

o     Database files

• Presentation files (e.g Microsoft Access). For presentation, graphical aspect the most important that Apple use to give the better service for the customers. They are the best in this kind of software provide (example nice animation better than Microsoft Word)

Document Files

• Created by word processors to save documents such as memos, term papers, and letters.

Worksheet Files

• Created by electronic spreadsheets to analyse things like budgets and to predict sales.

Database Files

• Typically created by database management programs to contain highly structured and organized data.

Presentation Files

•  Created by presentation graphics programs to save presentation materials. For example, a file might contain audience handouts, speaker notes, and electronic slides.